Agent economy sources and evidence

Published evidence behind the Agent Economy Index by Rob Dixon and Dixon AI. Each record retains its original metric, geography, observation period and limitations. Infrastructure launches, surveys and pilots are supporting signals, not measured AEI readings.

Last research review: . Download the reference dataset.

discoveryAdobe Digital Insights · 19 Aug 2026
Retail: AI referral growth continues
+62%Year-on-year AI-driven visit-share growth

Adobe reports 62% year-on-year growth for retail in its August report.

Visit-share growth is not an absolute spending share or delegated execution.

United States · July 2026 vs July 2025 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
discoveryAdobe Digital Insights · 19 Aug 2026
Travel: the strongest referral growth
+119%Year-on-year AI-driven visit-share growth

Travel AI referrals grew 119% year on year. The AI/non-AI conversion gap narrowed to 1%.

Visits and conversion do not identify who executes a booking.

United States · July 2026 vs July 2025 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
discoveryAdobe Digital Insights · 19 Aug 2026
Financial services: AI discovery expands
+31%Year-on-year AI-driven visit-share growth

Adobe reports 31% year-on-year growth in financial-services AI visit share.

A research visit is not an agent-executed financial transaction.

United States · July 2026 vs July 2025 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
surveyNielsenIQ (issuer release) · 30 Jul 2026
Consumer adoption still exceeds purchase delegation
~8%Consumers who have let AI complete a purchase

NIQ reports about 34% use AI for product research, while about 8% have allowed it to complete a purchase.

Consumer incidence is not the share or value of purchases. Geography, fieldwork and autonomy need fuller methodology before AEI use.

Global survey; no country breakdown · Report released April 2026; survey fieldwork not specified in release · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureMastercard · 10 Jun 2026
Agent Pay for Machines introduces machine-payment rails
LaunchInfrastructure announcement, no adoption denominator

Mastercard introduced payments for high-frequency machine transactions, supported by more than 30 industry participants.

Digital-services and logistics examples are proposed use cases. This is not measured deployment, transaction value or AEI.

Global announcement · Product announcement, June 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureMastercard · 26 May 2026
Agent-led procurement work in Australia and New Zealand
In developmentPartner work on agent-led business purchasing

Mastercard describes work with partners to enable sourcing, ordering and payment for businesses in Australia and New Zealand.

The article gives no country-specific transaction volume or value. Planned enablement is not measured economic delegation.

Australia and New Zealand · Status described in May 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
experimentAnthropic · 1 Apr 2026
Project Deal: agents negotiate real exchanges
186 dealsInternal experimental transactions; just over $4,000 value

Claude agents represented 69 employees and negotiated 186 real deals without further human sign-off during negotiation.

A self-selected, subsidised internal marketplace cannot estimate the national T5 share. Physical goods were subsequently exchanged by people.

San Francisco, United States · December 2025 experiment; published April 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureVisa · 17 Mar 2026
The payment framework behind agentic commerce
FrameworkIntelligent Commerce and Trusted Agent Protocol

Visa describes permissioned credentials, agent identity and payment controls as foundations for agentic commerce.

Network-wide transaction volumes are not agentic transaction volumes. No AEI numerator is disclosed.

Global network · Infrastructure position, March 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureVisa · 17 Mar 2026
Agentic Ready begins European issuer testing
TestingControlled production testing programme

Visa launched a programme for issuers to test and validate agent-initiated payments, starting in Europe including the UK.

Readiness testing is not transaction adoption. No country-level autonomous spending value is disclosed.

Europe, including the United Kingdom · Programme launch, March 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureMastercard / Santander · 2 Mar 2026
A controlled live agent-payment pilot in Europe
PilotLive payment in a controlled environment

Santander tested an AI-initiated payment through live infrastructure with Mastercard Agent Pay.

The publisher explicitly says this is not a commercial rollout. No national allocation or transaction-value share is available.

Europe; London and Madrid announcement · Controlled pilot announced March 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
executionAnt Group (issuer release via Business Wire) · 23 Feb 2026
Alipay AI Pay reaches more than 100 million users
100m+Users of Alipay AI Pay during the reported period

Ant Group reports that Alipay AI Pay surpassed 100 million users during Chinese New Year.

Provider-reported users are not transaction value. The release does not establish the autonomy of every purchase or a market-wide AEI denominator.

China · Chinese New Year period, February 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
executionAnt Group (issuer release via Business Wire) · 23 Feb 2026
Alipay AI Pay: a week of reported transaction activity
120m+AI Pay transactions during one week

Ant Group reports more than 120 million AI Pay transactions during 5–11 February 2026.

Payment count is not transaction value. Voice-command payment does not establish autonomous choice for every purchase. This overlaps the same release’s user figure and is not independent evidence.

China · 5–11 February 2026 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
discoverySalesforce · 8 Jan 2026
AI influence during the 2025 holiday season
20%Online holiday sales influenced by AI and agents

Salesforce attributes $262 billion, about 20% of global online holiday sales, to AI and agent influence.

Includes recommendations and customer engagement. Influence is broader than AEI T3 and is not proof of delegated execution; do not insert 20% into the formula.

Global online retail · 1 November–31 December 2025 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
discoveryAdobe Analytics · 7 Jan 2026
US holiday retail: rapid growth from a small AI base
+693.4%Year-on-year AI-referred retail traffic growth

Adobe measured 693.4% growth in traffic arriving from generative AI tools during the holiday period.

This is traffic growth from a modest base, not 693.4% adoption. Different periods and definitions make comparison with the July visit-share metric unsafe.

United States · 1 November–31 December 2025 vs 2024 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructurePayPal · 25 Nov 2025
Perplexity Instant Buy launches for US shoppers
AvailableIn-chat checkout capability

PayPal enabled US Perplexity users to check out with merchants inside the shopping conversation.

The published flow includes user clicks. In-chat checkout does not automatically satisfy T4 autonomous choice and execution; no value share is disclosed.

United States · Launch, November 2025 · Checked 9 Sept 2026
infrastructureEMVCo · 1 Sept 2026
Draft framework for card-based agentic payments
Draft standardInteroperability framework, not an adoption measurement

EMVCo opened a draft framework for managing persistent consumer intent in card-based agentic payments, including scenarios where a consumer is absent when payment is executed.

This is a draft technical framework. It reports no live transaction count or value and cannot populate any AEI tier.

Global card payments · Draft framework released 1 September 2026; public review closes 30 September 2026 · Checked 14 Sept 2026
infrastructureNielsenIQ · 2 Sept 2026
NIQ and Similarweb announce agentic-commerce measurement
Q4 forecastFuture measurement capability, no published observed values

NIQ and Similarweb plan to connect AI discovery, traffic and conversion signals with measured retail sales, with an initial version expected in Q4 2026.

The release is a product forecast, not a dataset. It does not separate autonomous execution from human-confirmed purchases or provide transaction-value shares.

Initial categories and markets not yet specified · Product announcement, 2 September 2026; initial availability forecast for Q4 2026 · Checked 14 Sept 2026
experimentBLIK · 9 Sept 2026
Polish pilot completes a purchase without the user present
PLN 19.99One agent-completed purchase using prior, conditional payment consent

An AI agent monitored product availability and completed a PLN 19.99 purchase after the user had previously set conditions and authorised payment; no user action was required at execution.

This is one pilot transaction, not a representative series or market-value share. Prior user authorisation means the event is relevant to delegated execution, but it supplies no denominator for Europe or Poland.

Poland · Single controlled pilot transaction announced 9 September 2026 · Checked 14 Sept 2026
infrastructureMastercard · 9 Sept 2026
Agent Connect expands merchant-facing agentic infrastructure
LaunchMerchant integration capability, no adoption denominator

Mastercard announced Agent Connect and expanded merchant tools covering product discovery, recommendations and a trusted path to purchase across participating agents.

The release describes capabilities and partner intentions. It does not report production transaction value, count or autonomy mix.

Global announcement · Product announcement, 9 September 2026 · Checked 14 Sept 2026
infrastructureAnt International · 11 Sept 2026
Agentic Mobile Protocol begins global Phase I rollout
10 walletsPhase I partners and addressable accounts, not active agentic transaction value

Ant International says ten Alipay+ wallets serving 1.5 billion accounts and seven acquirers are participating in Phase I of its Agentic Mobile Protocol rollout.

Partner reach and eligible accounts are not active users or transactions. The release gives no completed agentic-payment value or mutually exclusive autonomy tiers.

China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Philippines, South Korea, Macao, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore; global acquiring partners · Phase I rollout announced 11 September 2026 · Checked 14 Sept 2026
executionMeta · 8 Sept 2026
Muse launches with browsing, negotiation and purchasing
US rolloutConsumer-agent purchasing capability with approval before purchase

Meta launched Muse in the United States with browser-based shopping, negotiation and checkout through Stripe Link one-time-use cards; Meta says the agent returns for approval before making a purchase.

The launch reports capability, not transaction count or value. Because a person approves before purchase, the flow cannot be treated as autonomous T4 execution without transaction-level evidence on the agent's decision authority.

United States · US product rollout announced 8 September 2026 · Checked 21 Sept 2026
surveyVisa · 9 Sept 2026
Visa Trust Index measures US willingness, not transactions
23%Consumers who trust generative AI to handle payments on their behalf

Visa reports that 23% of surveyed US consumers trust generative AI to handle payment transactions on their behalf; the relevant question base was about 1,028 to 1,034 respondents.

Stated trust is not observed use, purchase incidence or transaction value. The result cannot be mapped to T4 or T5 and the publication date is later than the May fieldwork.

United States · Harris Poll fieldwork 26–28 May 2026; published 9 September 2026 · Checked 21 Sept 2026
surveyACI Worldwide / YouGov · 16 Sept 2026
Fashion shoppers prefer approval over autonomous buying
7%Fashion and sportswear shoppers willing to allow purchases without per-purchase approval

ACI Worldwide reports that 7% of more than 3,000 UK and US fashion and sportswear shoppers would let an AI assistant buy without per-purchase approval, split between set limits and specified retailers.

This is stated willingness in one retail category, not observed delegated purchasing or transaction value. The source page does not publish country-level splits or fieldwork dates.

United Kingdom and United States · Survey published 16 September 2026; fieldwork dates not stated on the source page · Checked 21 Sept 2026
executionAmazon · 15 Sept 2026
Alexa for Shopping offers conditional Auto-Buy
AvailableConditional automatic purchase capability at a user-set target price

Amazon says shoppers can instruct Alexa for Shopping to buy a specified item automatically when it reaches a target price, using the default payment method.

The article reports availability, not completed purchases, transaction value or geographic coverage. A feature launch cannot establish market share or a comparable T4 series.

Amazon shopping feature; country availability not specified in the article · Feature article updated 15 September 2026 ahead of Prime Big Deal Days, 6–7 October 2026 · Checked 21 Sept 2026
infrastructureMastercard · 16 Sept 2026
Trip.com and Mastercard preview an agentic travel-booking flow
2027 forecastPlanned end-to-end agentic travel booking capability

Mastercard, Trip.com and Network International are showcasing a flow intended to let users search, book and complete purchases through TripGenie, with the solution expected in early 2027.

This is a collaboration announcement and future availability forecast. It supplies no live booking count, value, autonomy breakdown or country allocation.

EEMEA announcement; rollout markets not specified · Collaboration announced 16 September 2026; solution expected in early 2027 · Checked 21 Sept 2026
infrastructureSalesforce · 15 Sept 2026
Salesforce and Google announce UCP-powered checkout integration
October forecastPlanned Universal Commerce Protocol checkout integration

Salesforce and Google announced a native product-feed integration and UCP-powered checkout, with the UCP integration scheduled for general availability in October 2026.

The release is a product and availability forecast, not evidence of completed agentic purchases or transaction-value share.

Global product announcement; regional availability not specified · Partnership announcement 15 September 2026; UCP integration forecast for October 2026 · Checked 21 Sept 2026
executionMastercard · 21 Sept 2026
Canada's first Mastercard Agent Pay transaction
1 transactionLive agent-initiated purchase within cardholder instructions and spending limits

Mastercard, Flybits and Rogers Bank report Canada's first successful deployment of an agentic commerce transaction. A Flybits assistant identified an eligible product within a Rogers Red cardholder's specified budget and completed the purchase through Mastercard Agent Pay.

The release describes one transaction and does not publish its value, merchant category, population denominator or recurring volume. Consumer-control wording and validated instructions do not establish an economy-wide autonomy share. The accompanying 2,000-adult survey measures openness, not completed purchases.

Canada · Single deployment announced 21 September 2026; Canadian consumer survey conducted August 2026 · Checked 28 Sept 2026
surveyNIQ · 24 Sept 2026
NIQ Agentic Commerce Tracker reports majority US shopping-tool use
51%Consumers reporting use of at least one AI-powered shopping tool in the past month

NIQ's monthly tracker reports that 51% of US consumers used at least one AI-powered tool to support shopping in the past month, including 20% using AI product recommendations and 16% using AI personal shopping assistants.

The release does not state the latest-wave sample size or fieldwork dates. Self-reported support across discovery, comparison and decision-making is not autonomous execution, purchase incidence or transaction value, so it cannot populate an AEI tier.

United States · Monthly US consumer tracker; latest wave published 24 September 2026 · Checked 28 Sept 2026
experimentAnthropic · 24 Sept 2026
Project Swap tests agent-to-agent barter
201 participantsClaude agents negotiated and executed book swaps on participants' behalf

Anthropic ran a controlled barter market with 201 employees across six offices. Claude-powered agents inferred book preferences, negotiated with other agents and executed bilateral or multi-party swaps when every agent accepted.

This was an employee experiment using books already contributed by participants, not representative commercial activity. No money changed hands, there is no transaction-value denominator, and the sample is not representative. The follow-up willingness to delegate about 30% of book budgets is stated intent, not observed spending.

Six Anthropic offices in the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland · Controlled summer 2026 experiment published 24 September 2026 · Checked 28 Sept 2026

Research history

Weekly review added three primary-source records: a single live Mastercard Agent Pay purchase in Canada, NIQ's monthly US consumer survey on AI shopping-tool use, and Anthropic's controlled agent-to-agent book-swap experiment. None provides representative transaction-value shares by mutually exclusive autonomy tier, so the dated July inferred baselines remain unchanged and are excluded from trend and doubling calculations.

Weekly review added six primary-source records: Meta's US Muse purchasing flow, Visa and ACI consumer-trust surveys, Amazon's conditional Auto-Buy feature, a planned Mastercard and Trip.com travel flow, and a planned Salesforce and Google checkout integration. These are capability, survey or forecast signals rather than representative transaction-value measurements, so the dated July inferred baselines remain unchanged and are excluded from trend calculations.

Weekly review added five primary-source records covering a draft global card standard, a planned measurement product, one Polish delegated-execution pilot, new merchant integration rails and the Phase I rollout of Ant International's mobile agent protocol. None supplies a complete, representative transaction-value denominator, so the dated July inferred baselines are carried forward unchanged and excluded from growth or doubling estimates.

Version 1 research: added published referral, survey, payment and pilot evidence. The latest Adobe report covers July 2026. No reviewed source supplies a complete national or sector tier transaction-value denominator, so July inferred baselines are explicitly carried forward. No historical acceleration is inferred.

Imported founding-paper baseline, not a historical automated research run. The rounded inputs are balanced in T2 and recalculated with the paper’s formula.

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